social realism - style of film that shows the harsh reality of life!! and struggle. Not a "happy ending" / light film
denotes: what it literally is
connotes: what it implies / deeper meaning
denotes: what it literally is
connotes: what it implies / deeper meaning
CAMERA ANGLES
- Eye level (normal) makes people seem equal - High angle Makes people seem smaller / vulnerable - Low angle Makes people seem bigger / powerful - Bird's eye view (directly above) - Worm's eye view (from really low) - Canted (weird angle) makes the environment seem disorienting |
CAMERA SHOTS
- Establishing (extra long shot) Sets the scene eg. landscapes - Long shot - Mid shot - Close up Focuses tightly on a character / object to show details or expressions - Two shot - Over the shoulder Helps you keep track of who's talking - Crane Shot taken from above, from a moving crane, often to zoom in/out at the beginning/end of a movie |
ACTIVE AUDIENCE | the audience engages with the media and interprets it within their own personal/social contexts
ANCHORAGE | the text that fixes (anchors) an image and hints at the meaning of the media eg. the tag line at the top of the poster - ‘two countries, two loves, one heart’ - anchors (anchorage) the images and gives the audience an idea of what the film is representing: romantic love
ANTAGONIST | a character who actively opposes the protagonist; often a villain
ARCHETYPE | a universal and generic character type that can be found in many different media texts
AUDIENCE POSITIONING | each text is constructed specifically to position its audience to interpret it and respond in a certain way
ANCHORAGE | the text that fixes (anchors) an image and hints at the meaning of the media eg. the tag line at the top of the poster - ‘two countries, two loves, one heart’ - anchors (anchorage) the images and gives the audience an idea of what the film is representing: romantic love
ANTAGONIST | a character who actively opposes the protagonist; often a villain
ARCHETYPE | a universal and generic character type that can be found in many different media texts
AUDIENCE POSITIONING | each text is constructed specifically to position its audience to interpret it and respond in a certain way
BARB | Broadcasters' Audience Research Board - the organisation that compiles tv-viewing data in the UK
BBFC | British Board of Film Classification - an NGO responsible for classifying films' age rating and censorship
BINARY OPPOSITION | juxtaposing two opposite ideas or concepts (eg. good/evil) to create conflict and often drive the narrative
BRAND | a product that is made and marketed under a particular name / logo / design
BY-LINE | the line of text in a newspaper / magazine that states the writer of the article
CENSORSHIP | the prohibitions and regulations of media that may have rude or inappropriate content. Censorship powers can be held by governments / regulatory bodies
CGI | Computer-Generated Imagery - applying computer graphics to media (often to create special effects in movies)
CODES | systems of signs that create meaning. Technical codes - ways that equipment is used to tell the story eg. camera work. Symbolic codes - eg. a character's actions show you how they're feeling
CONVENTIONS | the general way of doing things in a particular genre or media form
COLOUR PALETTE | the colours used in the media eg. websites or magazines to reflect a brand / appeal to audience
COMMERCIAL BROADCASTING | privately owned tv / radio broadcasting
CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP | fewer and fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. As there are fewer individuals, the shares per person are larger
CONGLOMERATE | a large corporation that owns many other media companies (eg. tv / radio / internet / publishing) so they have control over the market
CONNOTATION | the implications and deeper meaning in a text
CONSUMPTION | the amount / types of information and media taken in by the group / person
CONTEXT | the time / place / audience's mindset of the situation; it affects how a media text is read and understood
CONTINUITY EDITING | the process of post-production video editing where shots are combined in a linear and logical sequence to create a coherent narrative (the most common type of editing)
CONVERGENCE | the interconnection of information and technology and media to create a new cross-media product or experience
COUNTERTYPE | a positive stereotype about a certain group / demographic / character type which is directly opposing elements of that group which are usually considered bad
CROSS-HEAD | words picked out to use as subheadings in newspapers / magazines; usually to break up text or hint at the following content and attract the reader's attention
CROSS CUTTING | an editing technique used to establish concurrent events eg. by interweaving shots from both scenes
COPY | the written portion of a media text (not images)
CGI | Computer-Generated Imagery - applying computer graphics to media (often to create special effects in movies)
CODES | systems of signs that create meaning. Technical codes - ways that equipment is used to tell the story eg. camera work. Symbolic codes - eg. a character's actions show you how they're feeling
CONVENTIONS | the general way of doing things in a particular genre or media form
COLOUR PALETTE | the colours used in the media eg. websites or magazines to reflect a brand / appeal to audience
COMMERCIAL BROADCASTING | privately owned tv / radio broadcasting
CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP | fewer and fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. As there are fewer individuals, the shares per person are larger
CONGLOMERATE | a large corporation that owns many other media companies (eg. tv / radio / internet / publishing) so they have control over the market
CONNOTATION | the implications and deeper meaning in a text
CONSUMPTION | the amount / types of information and media taken in by the group / person
CONTEXT | the time / place / audience's mindset of the situation; it affects how a media text is read and understood
CONTINUITY EDITING | the process of post-production video editing where shots are combined in a linear and logical sequence to create a coherent narrative (the most common type of editing)
CONVERGENCE | the interconnection of information and technology and media to create a new cross-media product or experience
COUNTERTYPE | a positive stereotype about a certain group / demographic / character type which is directly opposing elements of that group which are usually considered bad
CROSS-HEAD | words picked out to use as subheadings in newspapers / magazines; usually to break up text or hint at the following content and attract the reader's attention
CROSS CUTTING | an editing technique used to establish concurrent events eg. by interweaving shots from both scenes
COPY | the written portion of a media text (not images)
DATE LINE | a line of text showing the date that a media article was first written / published
DEMERGER | the splitting of a large corporation into 2 or more smaller organizations (as it sounds)
DEMOGRAPHICS | statistical data about the characteristics / make up of the population eg. age / gender / nationality (linked to psychometrics)
DENOTATION | the literal meaning in a media text, what it literally is
DESK TOP PUBLISHING | using computer software to create different printed media texts with different layouts and designs
DISTRIBUTION | the ways which media is made available physically or online
DIEGETIC SOUND | the sound comes from somewhere in movie world, in the frame
DIVERSIFICATION | large corporations expanding into a wide variety of media forms and areas in the industry
DEMERGER | the splitting of a large corporation into 2 or more smaller organizations (as it sounds)
DEMOGRAPHICS | statistical data about the characteristics / make up of the population eg. age / gender / nationality (linked to psychometrics)
DENOTATION | the literal meaning in a media text, what it literally is
DESK TOP PUBLISHING | using computer software to create different printed media texts with different layouts and designs
DISTRIBUTION | the ways which media is made available physically or online
DIEGETIC SOUND | the sound comes from somewhere in movie world, in the frame
DIVERSIFICATION | large corporations expanding into a wide variety of media forms and areas in the industry
EDITING | selecting, correcting and arranging visual, audible or film media post production, in order to create a complete body of work
EDITORIAL | an article in a newspaper or magazine that expresses the author's opinion
ENIGMA | a mystery, or a question that is not immediately answered, that draws the audience into the text
ETHICS | the morals and principles that are upheld in broadcast media, film and the internet
EYELINE MATCH | an editing technique which matches the angle of the shot with the character's eyelevel, making the audience see from the perspective of the character
EDITORIAL | an article in a newspaper or magazine that expresses the author's opinion
ENIGMA | a mystery, or a question that is not immediately answered, that draws the audience into the text
ETHICS | the morals and principles that are upheld in broadcast media, film and the internet
EYELINE MATCH | an editing technique which matches the angle of the shot with the character's eyelevel, making the audience see from the perspective of the character
FORM | the various formats that a media text comes in (eg. newspapers/magazines/films) each with its own codes and conventions
FRANCHISE | a collection of related media products, all derived from the same original source eg. marvel's superhero comics, which then spawned movies and games and merchandise
FREELANCE | a person who is self-employed, and so is hired by different companies to work on different projects without long term commitment
FRANCHISE | a collection of related media products, all derived from the same original source eg. marvel's superhero comics, which then spawned movies and games and merchandise
FREELANCE | a person who is self-employed, and so is hired by different companies to work on different projects without long term commitment
GATEKEEPING | the process where information is filtered by the media and specific parts can be chosen for publication, broadcast or distribution
GUERILLA MARKETING | an advertising strategy using low cost, creative and unconventional marketing methods to attract a large audience and grab their attention eg. installing large exhibits or interactive advertisements in public places
GUERILLA MARKETING | an advertising strategy using low cost, creative and unconventional marketing methods to attract a large audience and grab their attention eg. installing large exhibits or interactive advertisements in public places
HEADLINE | the larger text at the top of an article, indicating the content or what it's about to the reader
HEGEMONY | the dominance of one particular social group in media or in general, through the representation of their culture / values in media
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION | the
HEGEMONY | the dominance of one particular social group in media or in general, through the representation of their culture / values in media
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION | the
INTERTEXUALITY | Referencing other popular people
MISE-EN-SCENE | Everything on scene / set
NON DIEGETIC | Added in post production
PROVOCATIVE | Gets you to respond
POST PRODUCTION | Happens after filming
MISE-EN-SCENE | Everything on scene / set
NON DIEGETIC | Added in post production
PROVOCATIVE | Gets you to respond
POST PRODUCTION | Happens after filming